BREAST CANCER

Ten studies since 1999 have documented high-risk HPVs in breast tumours [331]. The type(s) in breast were identical to those in the cervix of women with cervical cancer [242, 622]. This led to the suggestion of transmission during sexual activity [281]. In support of this women with HPV-positive breast cancer are significantly younger than those with HPV-negative breast cancer [332]. Thus an uncircumcised male partner may also increase a woman’s risk of breast cancer, which is a very common cancer in women.